Estrogen therapy decreased LDL particle size.

Estrogen therapy decreased LDL particle size.
they penetrate easier to the arterial wall, more susceptible to oxidation, harder to clear from bloodstream by the liver, associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndromes.

estrogen also increased plasma triglycerides by 30%

In this study, LDL particle size was measured by GGE.
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (GGE) separates LDL particles by migrating them through a gel with increasing density and decreasing pore sizes. Because smaller, denser particles navigate through the tighter pores and travel further down the gel, they register a higher score than larger particles.

estrogen increased the score by 10%, which indicates that it lowered their size by 10%.

An increase of 10% in the GGE score is highly significant because it reflects a clear physical shift toward smaller, denser LDL particles.
This smaller particle size inherently carries a greater potential to penetrate the endothelial wall easily and undergo rapid oxidation within the arteries.