Ray Peat: When energy fails: Edema, heart failure, hypertension, sarcopenia, etc

Salt restriction, insulin, lipids, aldosterone

1. Low-salt diet increases insulin resistance in healthy subjectsMetabolism · 2011 · PMID 21036373
2. Role of mineralocorticoid receptor in insulin resistanceCurr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes · 2012 · PMID 22499218
3. Dietary salt restriction increases plasma lipoprotein and inflammatory marker concentrations in hypertensive patientsAtherosclerosis · 2008 · PMID 18262533
4. Long-term effects of dietary sodium intake on cytokines and neurohormonal activation in patients with recently compensated congestive heart failureJ Card Fail · 2009 · PMID 19944363
5. Short-term dietary sodium restriction increases serum lipids and insulin in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant normotensive adultsKlin Wochenschr · 1991 · PMID 1921253
6. Effect of sodium intake on insulin sensitivityAm J Physiol · 1993 · PMID 8498495
7. Moderate sodium restriction enhances the pressor response to hyperlipidemia in obese, hypertensive patientsJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) · 2002 · PMID 12045366
8. Effect of renin-angiotensin system activation by dietary sodium restriction and upright position on plasma leptin concentration in patients with essential hypertensionMed Sci Monit · 2002 · PMID 12118193

Calcium, progesterone, volume, preeclampsia

1. Dietary calcium in human hypertensionScience · 1982 · PMID 7089566
2. Importance of dietary calcium in hypertensionJ Am Coll Nutr · 1998 · PMID 9477397
3. Dilutional hyponatremia in pre-eclampsiaAm J Obstet Gynecol · 1998 · PMID 9822522
4. Severe hyponatraemia and pre-eclampsiaBJOG · 2004 · PMID 15327622
5. Studies on the exaggerated natriuretic response to a saline infusion in the hypothyroid ratJ Clin Invest · 1970 · PMID 5422024
6. Hemodynamic role of extracellular fluid in hypertensionCirc Res · 1976 · PMID 773571 · cited in Salt, energy, metabolic rate, and longevity
7. Short-term effects of various sugars on antinatriuresis and blood pressure changes in normotensive young menAm J Clin Nutr · 1983 · PMID 6344611

Aldosterone toxicity, FFA, aspirin, adrenal zonation

1. Study of the mechanisms of aldosterone prothrombotic effect in ratsJ Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst · 2011 · PMID 21421657
2. Aldosterone increases kidney tubule cell oxidants through calcium-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase and nitric oxide synthaseFree Radic Biol Med · 2011 · PMID 21946068
3. The influence of aspirin on exercise-induced changes in adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and aldosterone (ALD) concentrationsEur J Appl Physiol · 2003 · PMID 12665982
4. Aging alters zonation in the adrenal cortex of menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab · 1997 · PMID 9360559
5. Effects of tocopherol depletion on the regional differences in adrenal microsomal lipid peroxidation and steroid metabolismEndocrinology · 1988 · PMID 3135177
6. Fish oil produces an atherogenic lipid profile in hypertensive menAtherosclerosis · 1990 · PMID 2282101

Streaming organs, regeneration, permeability

1. The streaming liverLiver · 1985 · PMID 4088003
2. The streaming adrenal cortex: direct evidence of centripetal migration of adrenocytes by estimation of cell turnover rateJ Endocrinol · 1986 · PMID 3805971
3. Neurogenesis in the neocortex of adult primatesScience · 1999 · PMID 10521353
4. Vesiculo-vacuolar organelles and the regulation of venule permeability to macromolecules by vascular permeability factor, histamine, and serotoninJ Exp Med · 1996 · PMID 8642308
5. Does inhibition of β-cell proliferation by free fatty acid in mice explain the progressive failure of insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes?Diabetes · 2012 · PMID 22354929

More references from this article

1. Associations between aortic calcification and components of body composition in elderly menObesity (Silver Spring) · 2006 · PMID 17030968
2. Brain cell volume regulation in hyponatremia: role of sex, age, vasopressin, and hypoxiaAm J Physiol Renal Physiol · 2008 · PMID 18448591
3. Alterations of GABA metabolism and seizure susceptibility in the substantia nigra of the kindled rat acclimating to changes in osmotic stateNeurochem Res · 1991 · PMID 1780028
4. Pancreatic β-cell neogenesis by direct conversion from mature α-cellsStem Cells · 2010 · PMID 20653050
5. β-cell regeneration: the pancreatic intrinsic facultyTrends Endocrinol Metab · 2011 · PMID 21067943
6. Effects of sodium supplementation during energy restriction on plasma norepinephrine levels in obese womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab · 1991 · PMID 1939535
7. [Prothrombotic aldosterone action--a new side of the hormone]Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) · 2010 · PMID 20966505
8. Mechanisms of calcium's effects on blood pressureSemin Nephrol · 1995 · PMID 8588118
9. [The aldosterone-antagonistic effect of progesterone. A preliminary note on the effects of progesterone on 2 patients with liver cirrhosis]Ugeskr Laeger · 1960 · PMID 14400966
10. [Aldosterone as an endogenous cardiovascular toxin and the options for its therapeutic management]Vnitr Lek · 2011 · PMID 22277034
11. Arterial diameter during central volume depletion in humansEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol · 1995 · PMID 8789588
12. The effect of angiotensin infusion, sodium loading and sodium restriction on the renal and cardiac adrenergic nervesActa Pathol Microbiol Scand A · 1975 · PMID 171911
13. Stress and corticosteroid modulation of seizures and synaptic inhibition in the hippocampusExp Neurol · 2012 · PMID 22227061
14. Roles of inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in protecting rat RINm5F cell line against free fatty acid-induced apoptosisExp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes · 2009 · PMID 19513971
15. Changes in plasma lipids and uric acid with sodium loading and sodium depletion in patients with essential hypertensionJ Hum Hypertens · 1988 · PMID 3221377
16. Studies on the role of sympathetic nervous system in the mechanism of essential hypertensionJpn Circ J · 1977 · PMID 870720
17. Production of pancreatic beta-cells from stem cellsCurr Diabetes Rev · 2010 · PMID 20380628
18. Intracellular pH as a regulator of Na + transportJ Membr Biol · 2001 · PMID 11891556
19. High calcium diet down-regulates kidney angiotensin-converting enzyme in experimental renal failureKidney Int · 2004 · PMID 15569305
20. Pre-eclampsia and hyponatraemiaJ Obstet Gynaecol · 2006 · PMID 17071447
21. Pregnant rats treated with a serotonin precursor have reduced fetal weight and lower plasma volume and kallikrein levelsHypertension · 2007 · PMID 17646571
22. A new paradigm in cell therapy for diabetes: turning pancreatic α-cells into β-cellsBioessays · 2010 · PMID 20803505
23. [Sodium intake and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review]Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol · 2009 · PMID 19768251
24. Changes in rat cerebral blood volume due to modulation of the 5-HT(1A) receptor measured with susceptibility enhanced contrast MRIBrain Res · 2001 · PMID 11549378
25. Effect of dietary salt restriction on urinary serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion in manJ Hypertens · 1993 · PMID 7510737 · cited in Salt, energy, metabolic rate, and longevity
26. Calcium and hypertensionJ Lab Clin Med · 1989 · PMID 2677196
27. Role of mineralocorticoid receptor on experimental cerebral aneurysms in ratsHypertension · 2009 · PMID 19620512
28. [Conversion of adult pancreatic alpha-cells to beta-cells in diabetic mice]Med Sci (Paris) · 2010 · PMID 21106168
29. Depolarization, exocytosis and amino acid release evoked by hyposmolarity from cortical synaptosomesEur J Neurosci · 2004 · PMID 15009139
30. Hyposmolarity evokes norepinephrine efflux from synaptosomes by a depolarization- and Ca2+ -dependent exocytotic mechanismEur J Neurosci · 2005 · PMID 16197504
31. Drospirenone in the treatment of severe premenstrual cerebral edema in a woman with antiphospholipid syndrome, lateral sinus thrombosis, situs inversus and epileptic seizuresGynecol Endocrinol · 2005 · PMID 16373242
32. Mechanism of action of ketanserin: studies on cardiovascular reactivity in essential and diabetes-associated hypertensionJ Hypertens · 1988 · PMID 3411125
33. Regulation of aldosterone in the guinea-pig--effect of oestrus cycle, pregnancy and sodium statusAust J Exp Biol Med Sci · 1976 · PMID 942362
34. Studies of the control of plasma aldosterone concentration in normal man. 3. Response to sodium chloride infusionJ Clin Invest · 1972 · PMID 5056660
35. Time dimension in histopathologyPathol Res Pract · 1992 · PMID 1409065
36. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit epinephrine- and cAMP-mediated lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytesJ Pharm Pharmacol · 2002 · PMID 11999137 · cited in Phosphate, activation, and aging