Ray Peat: Phosphate, activation, and aging

Muscle, nerve, water, and the physics of activation

1. Volume changes in frog muscle during contractionJ Physiol · 1962 · PMID 13858824
2. THE INITIAL HEAT PRODUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH THE NERVE IMPULSE IN CRUSTACEAN AND MAMMALIAN NON-MYELINATED NERVE FIBRESJ Physiol · 1965 · PMID 14298125
3. Energetics of relaxation in frog muscleJ Physiol · 1974 · PMID 4546216
4. Indirect coupling of phosphate release to de novo tension generation during muscle contractionProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 1995 · PMID 7479824
5. Ionic partition between surface and bulk water in a silica gel. A biological modelBiophys J · 1973 · PMID 4348836

Free phosphate, mitochondria, and peroxidation

1. A rapid phosphate-induced depression of heart subsarcolemmal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylationRes Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol · 1989 · PMID 2727388
2. Effect of inorganic phosphate concentration on the nature of inner mitochondrial membrane alterations mediated by Ca2+ ions. A proposed model for phosphate-stimulated lipid peroxidationJ Biol Chem · 1996 · PMID 8621682
3. Phosphate regulates osteopontin gene transcriptionJ Dent Res · 2009 · PMID 19131315
4. Dietary and genetic evidence for phosphate toxicity accelerating mammalian agingFASEB J · 2010 · PMID 20418498
5. Phosphate toxicity: new insights into an old problemClin Sci (Lond) · 2011 · PMID 20958267
6. Can features of phosphate toxicity appear in normophosphatemia?J Bone Miner Metab · 2012 · PMID 22219005

Klotho, PTH, and the phosphate dump

1. Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageingNature · 1997 · PMID 9363890
2. Disruption of klotho gene causes an abnormal energy homeostasis in miceBiochem Biophys Res Commun · 2000 · PMID 11095966
3. Downregulation of NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIb Na-coupled phosphate transporters by coexpression of KlothoCell Physiol Biochem · 2011 · PMID 21865732
4. Deletion of PTH rescues skeletal abnormalities and high osteopontin levels in Klotho-/- micePLoS Genet · 2012 · PMID 22615584

Diet phosphate, lung, liver, Akt, and cancer

1. High dietary inorganic phosphate increases lung tumorigenesis and alters Akt signalingAm J Respir Crit Care Med · 2009 · PMID 18849498
2. High dietary inorganic phosphate enhances cap-dependent protein translation, cell-cycle progression, and angiogenesis in the livers of young miceAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol · 2008 · PMID 18703640
3. Low dietary inorganic phosphate stimulates lung tumorigenesis through altering protein translation and cell cycle in K-ras(LA1) miceNutr Cancer · 2010 · PMID 20432174
4. High dietary inorganic phosphate affects lung through altering protein translation, cell cycle, and angiogenesis in developing miceToxicol Sci · 2007 · PMID 17698515

CO2, bicarbonate, sugar, niacinamide vs phosphate

1. Chronic respiratory alkalosis induces renal PTH-resistance, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia in humansKidney Int · 1992 · PMID 1405350 · cited in Bone Density: First Do No Harm
2. Type II Na-Pi cotransport is regulated transcriptionally by ambient bicarbonate/carbon dioxide tension in OK cellsAm J Physiol · 1999 · PMID 9887079
3. Luminal fructose inhibits rat intestinal sodium-phosphate cotransporter gene expression and phosphate uptakeAm J Clin Nutr · 2008 · PMID 18400728
4. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of niacinamide for reduction of phosphorus in hemodialysis patientsClin J Am Soc Nephrol · 2008 · PMID 18385391
5. Nicotinamide inhibits sodium-dependent phosphate cotransport activity in rat small intestineNephrol Dial Transplant · 1999 · PMID 10344361
6. The phosphaturic effect of sodium bicarbonate and acetazolamide in dogsJ Clin Invest · 1968 · PMID 5645865

Estrogen, thyroid, calcification, osteopontin

1. Regulation of intestinal NaPi-IIb cotransporter gene expression by estrogenAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol · 2003 · PMID 12893629
2. Estradiol-17beta stimulates phosphate uptake and is mitogenic for primary rabbit renal proximal tubule cellsExp Nephrol · 2002 · PMID 12381920
3. Association between low serum free thyroxine concentrations and coronary artery calcification in healthy euthyroid subjectsThyroid · 2012 · PMID 22870927
4. Thyroid hormone targets matrix Gla protein gene associated with vascular smooth muscle calcificationCirc Res · 2005 · PMID 16100044
5. Serum osteoprotegerin and osteopontin levels are associated with arterial stiffness and the presence and severity of coronary artery diseaseInt J Cardiol · 2013 · PMID 22640692
6. Placental estrogen synthetase (aromatase): evidence for phosphatase-dependent inactivationBiochem Biophys Res Commun · 1989 · PMID 2546553

More references from this article

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9. Acute phosphate depletion inhibits the Na+/H+ antiporter in a cultured renal cell lineAm J Physiol · 1993 · PMID 8214104
10. Effect of acute hypercapnia on PTH-stimulated phosphaturia in dietary Pi-deprived ratAm J Physiol · 1987 · PMID 3037923
11. A dormant state modulated by osmotic pressure controls clonogenicity of prostate cancer cellsJ Biol Chem · 2011 · PMID 22039055 · cited in Cancer: Disorder and Energy
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17. Dietary phosphorus in bone health and quality of lifeNutr Rev · 2012 · PMID 22646125
18. Associations of triiodothyronine levels with carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patientsClin J Am Soc Nephrol · 2011 · PMID 21836150
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