Ray Peat: Cancer: Disorder and Energy

Estrogen, carbonic anhydrase, and transhydrogenase

1. Estrogen receptor regulation of carbonic anhydrase XII through a distal enhancer in breast cancerCancer Res · 2008 · PMID 18451179
2. In vitro inhibition of salicylic acid derivatives on human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and IIBioorg Med Chem · 2008 · PMID 18819808
3. Extranuclear signaling by estrogen: role in breast cancer progression and metastasisMinerva Ginecol · 2010 · PMID 21079578
4. Pyridine-adenine dinucleotide transhydrogenase activity in cells cultured from rat hepatomaCan J Biochem · 1972 · PMID 4337568
5. Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase in normal human and leukemic leukocytesJ Clin Invest · 1966 · PMID 5223965
6. Induction of hepatic carbonic anhydrase by estrogenJ Pharmacol Exp Ther · 1975 · PMID 804034
7. An estradiol sensitive transhydrogenase in normal and malignant breast tissueSurg Forum · 1958 · PMID 13635463 · cited in Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
8. Human placental 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase. IV. Differentiation of 17 beta-estradiol-activated transhydrogenase from the transhydrogenase function of 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenaseJ Biol Chem · 1969 · PMID 4389994
9. Timing of breast cancer surgery during the luteal menstrual phase may improve prognosisNebr Med J · 1996 · PMID 8628449
10. Comparison of transhydrogenase and pyridine nucleotide-cytochrome c reductase activities in rat liver and Novikoff hepatomaCancer Res · 1957 · PMID 13489718
11. [ON THE EFFECT OF NADPH2-NAD-TRANSHYDROGENASE ON DIRECT OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE; EXPERIMENTS WITH THE USE OF EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR HOMOGENATES]Naturwissenschaften · 1965 · PMID 14331119
12. Effect of testosterone on carbonic anhydrase and MG(2+)-dependent HCO3-stimulated ATPase activities in rat kidney: comparison with estradiol effectComp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol · 1996 · PMID 8760605

Warburg, lactate, glutamine, and respiration

1. Hyperglycemia and gluconeogenesis in the liver of mice with tumorsBull Exp Biol Med · 1975 · PMID 1115858
2. Non-hypoxic induction of HIF-3alpha by 2-deoxy-D-glucose and insulinBiochem Biophys Res Commun · 2007 · PMID 17125738
3. Glucose-independent glutamine metabolism via TCA cycling for proliferation and survival in B cellsCell Metab · 2012 · PMID 22225880
4. Loss of the mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity underlies the glucose avidity of carcinomasCancer Res · 2007 · PMID 17909002 · cited in Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
5. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activation by aerobic glycolysis implicates the Warburg effect in carcinogenesisJ Biol Chem · 2002 · PMID 11943784 · cited in Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
6. Possible role of arachidonic acid in the regulation of lactate production in rat Sertoli cellsInt J Androl · 2003 · PMID 14511220
7. Blood glucose levels and gluconeogenesis in animals bearing transplantable tumorsCancer Res · 1974 · PMID 4366934
8. Inflammatory cytokines stimulate glucose uptake and glycolysis but reduce glucose oxidation in human dermal fibroblasts in vitroCirc Shock · 1992 · PMID 1511500
9. [The effect of higher fatty acids on the energy metabolism of Ehrlich-ascites tumor cells. I. The effect of saturated and transconfigurated unsaturated fatty acids on anaerobic glycolysis]Acta Biol Med Ger · 1966 · PMID 6010822
10. Bioenergetic origins of complexity and diseaseCold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol · 2011 · PMID 22194359

PUFA, linoleic acid, and fats

1. Effect of dietary stearic acid on the genesis of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas in strain A/ST miceInt J Cancer · 1984 · PMID 6490204 · cited in Fats, functions & malfunctions
2. Control of growth of a tumor cell by linoleic acidProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 1974 · PMID 4530277
3. Coenzyme Q10 protects from aging-related oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial function in heart of rats fed a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich dietJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · 2005 · PMID 16127098
4. Effect of lifelong coenzyme Q10 supplementation on age-related oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in liver and skeletal muscle of rats fed on a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich dietJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · 2007 · PMID 18000140
5. Structures and physiological roles of 13 integral lipids of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidaseEMBO J · 2007 · PMID 17332748
6. Influence of pH of the medium on free fatty acid utilization by isolated mammalian cellsJ Lipid Res · 1969 · PMID 5782358
7. Hepatic lipids in tumor-bearing (glioma) miceCancer Res · 1965 · PMID 5843271
8. Polyunsaturated fatty acids mobilize intracellular Ca2+ in NT2 human teratocarcinoma cells by causing release of Ca2+ from mitochondriaAm J Physiol Cell Physiol · 2006 · PMID 16601147
9. Linoleic acid-induced mitochondrial Ca(2+) efflux causes peroxynitrite generation and protein nitrotyrosylationPLoS One · 2009 · PMID 19557129

Microenvironment, inflammation, radiation, and growth

1. Caspase 3-mediated stimulation of tumor cell repopulation during cancer radiotherapyNat Med · 2011 · PMID 21725296
2. The microenvironment determines the breast cancer cells' phenotype: organization of MCF7 cells in 3D culturesBMC Cancer · 2010 · PMID 20529269
3. Anti-neoplastic action of aspirin against a T-cell lymphoma involves an alteration in the tumour microenvironment and regulation of tumour cell survivalBiosci Rep · 2012 · PMID 21692746
4. DYNAMICS OF TUMOR GROWTH. ANL-6723ANL Rep · 1963 · PMID 14131019
5. DYNAMICS OF TUMOR GROWTHBr J Cancer · 1964 · PMID 14219541
6. Effect of Ga-Al-As laser irradiation on COX-2 and cPLA2-alpha expression in compressed human periodontal ligament cellsLasers Surg Med · 2010 · PMID 20662025
7. In vitro irradiation of basement membrane enhances the invasiveness of breast cancer cellsBr J Cancer · 2007 · PMID 17987037
8. Radiation-enhancement of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion prevented by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorBr J Cancer · 2011 · PMID 21792195
9. Theories of carcinogenesis: an emerging perspectiveSemin Cancer Biol · 2008 · PMID 18472276

CO2, pH, osmotic pressure, and structure

1. Alkalotic disequilibrium in patients with solid tumors: rediscovery of an old findingEur J Cancer (1965) · 1977 · PMID 908339
2. A dormant state modulated by osmotic pressure controls clonogenicity of prostate cancer cellsJ Biol Chem · 2011 · PMID 22039055 · cited in Phosphate, activation, and aging
3. Capillary narrowing in hemorrhagic shock is rectified by hyperosmotic saline-dextran reinfusionCirc Shock · 1990 · PMID 1697790
4. Cell swelling-induced peptide hormone secretionAdv Exp Med Biol · 2004 · PMID 18727251

Other papers listed in REFERENCES

1. Emodin inhibits proinflammatory responses and inactivates histone deacetylase 1 in hypoxic rheumatoid synoviocytesBiol Pharm Bull · 2011 · PMID 21881229
2. Diet-induced protection against lipopolysaccharide includes increased hepatic NO productionJ Surg Res · 1999 · PMID 10090849
3. Lactic acidosis increases tumor necrosis factor secretion and transcription in vitroJ Surg Res · 1990 · PMID 2214745
4. Immunotherapy of cervical cancer as a biological dissipative structureNeuro Endocrinol Lett · 2011 · PMID 21876504
5. RhoA triggers a specific signaling pathway that generates transforming microvesicles in cancer cellsOncogene · 2012 · PMID 22266864
6. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity controls metabolic and malignant phenotype in cancer cellsJ Biol Chem · 2008 · PMID 18541534 · cited in Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
7. Cardiac release of chemoattractants after ischaemia induced by coronary balloon angioplastyBr Heart J · 1993 · PMID 8037995
8. Enhanced lipolysis of myocardial triglycerides during low-flow ischemia and anoxia in the isolated rat heartBasic Res Cardiol · 1989 · PMID 2730523
9. A possible mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction during cerebral ischemia: inhibition of mitochondrial respiration activity by arachidonic acidArch Biochem Biophys · 1991 · PMID 1654847 · cited in Fats and degeneration
10. Sugars in diet and risk of cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health StudyInt J Cancer · 2012 · PMID 21328345
11. Acid-induced excitation of afferent cardiac sympathetic nerve fibersAm J Physiol · 1975 · PMID 1080016
12. Cortisol synthesis in epidermis is induced by IL-1 and tissue injuryJ Biol Chem · 2011 · PMID 21239489
13. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), a non-protein amino acid counters the β-adrenergic cascade-activated oncogenic signaling in pancreatic cancer: a review of experimental evidenceMol Nutr Food Res · 2011 · PMID 21805621
14. Xenon blocks AMPA and NMDA receptor channels by different mechanismsActa Neurobiol Exp (Wars) · 2009 · PMID 20048760

More references from this article

1. Cooxidation of steroidal and non-steroidal estrogens by purified prostaglandin synthase results in a stimulation of prostaglandin formationJ Steroid Biochem · 1987 · PMID 3112468
2. Increased OXPHOS activity precedes rise in glycolytic rate in H-RasV12/E1A transformed fibroblasts that develop a Warburg phenotypeMol Cancer · 2009 · PMID 19646236
3. Lactate: a metabolic key player in cancerCancer Res · 2011 · PMID 22084445
4. Prostaglandin E2 induces hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha stabilization and nuclear localization in a human prostate cancer cell lineJ Biol Chem · 2002 · PMID 12401798
5. Aromatase activity and concentrations of cortisol, progesterone and testosterone in breast and abdominal adipose tissueJ Steroid Biochem · 1986 · PMID 3724141 · cited in A Physiological Approach to Ovarian Cancer
6. Essential fatty acids are not required for wound healingProstaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids · 1992 · PMID 1603819
7. What keeps cells in tissues behaving normally in the face of myriad mutations?Bioessays · 2006 · PMID 16615084
8. [Occurrence of pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase in mitochondria of various ascites tumors]Enzymologia · 1966 · PMID 4393283
9. Progesterone inhibits glucocorticoid-dependent aromatase induction in human adipose fibroblastsJ Endocrinol · 1998 · PMID 9846169
10. The death of the cancer cellCancer Res · 2011 · PMID 21507929
11. Inflammation, but not hypoxia, mediated HIF-1alpha activation depends on COX-2Cancer Biol Ther · 2009 · PMID 19390242
12. Treatment of mast cells with carbon dioxide suppresses degranulation via a novel mechanism involving repression of increased intracellular calcium levelsAllergy · 2011 · PMID 21284650
13. The influence of linoleic acid upon the growth of transplanted sarcomaKeio J Med · 1962 · PMID 13979090
14. Studies on the linoleic acid contents in the phospholipids of the sarcomaKeio J Med · 1962 · PMID 13918168
15. Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human isoforms VII (cytosolic) and XIV (transmembrane) with amino acids and aminesBioorg Med Chem Lett · 2007 · PMID 17540561
16. Low energy laser light (632.8 nm) suppresses amyloid-β peptide-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses in astrocytesNeuroscience · 2010 · PMID 20884337 · cited in The dark side of stress (learned helplessness)
17. The effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on brown adipose tissue activity in rats maintained at thermal neutralityComp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol · 1989 · PMID 2573473
18. Dihydrotestosterone attenuates hypoxia inducible factor-1α and cyclooxygenase-2 in cerebral arteries during hypoxia or hypoxia with glucose deprivationAm J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol · 2011 · PMID 21856910