Ray Peat on Inflammation
Short answer: Ray Peat wrote that inflammation is what healing turns into when energy is short. In the fetus an injury is repaired cleanly. With age, stored unsaturated fats, estrogen and low thyroid function turn the same signals into chronic inflammation, scarring and degeneration.
What Ray Peat wrote about inflammation
Tissue injury that would cause inflammation in an adult triggers clean repair in the fetus. He attributed the difference largely to the fats that accumulate from the diet after birth. Source: Regeneration and degeneration: Types of inflammation change with aging
He described a vicious circle of inflammatory mediators and amino acid imbalance, and said the real question is our ability to limit the response. Source: Multiple sclerosis, protein, fats, and progesterone
A slight fall in body temperature can promote inflammation. The things that raise heat production, protein, sodium, sucrose, thyroid and progesterone, are anti-inflammatory. Source: Salt, energy, metabolic rate, and longevity
Magnesium deficiency causes inflammation. Source: Calcium and Disease: Hypertension, organ calcification, & shock, vs. respiratory energy
Estrogen, through the factor NF-kappaB, increases inflammatory signals. Aspirin, progesterone, testosterone, saturated fats and glycine can inhibit it. Source: Preventing and treating cancer with progesterone
Carbon dioxide is being used to prevent inflammation and edema. Source: Regeneration and degeneration: Types of inflammation change with aging
He named the things to reduce: endotoxin, polyunsaturated fats, amino acid imbalance, nutritional deficiencies, radiation and estrogens. Source: The Cancer Matrix
Antioxidants, thyroid hormone, progesterone and anti-inflammatory agents including glycine or gelatin, niacin and saturated fats can prevent, and in many cases reverse, degenerative inflammatory processes. Source: Leakiness, aging, and cancer ↗
What he suggested in practice
- Aspirin and vitamin E, which he names as protective against the clotting and inflammation promoted by estrogen.
- Niacinamide, to keep fatty acids out of the blood.
- Gelatin and saturated fats in place of muscle meat alone and seed oils.
- Thyroid function and warmth.
Where he wrote about it
This topic comes up in 77 of the articles on his site. These are the most relevant ones:
- Multiple sclerosis, protein, fats, and progesterone · original on raypeat.com ↗
- BSE ("mad cow"), scrapie, etc.: Stimulated amyloid degeneration and the toxic fats · original on raypeat.com ↗
- Regeneration and degeneration: Types of inflammation change with aging · original on raypeat.com ↗
- Food-junk and some mystery ailments: Fatigue, Alzheimer's, Colitis, Immunodeficiency · original on raypeat.com ↗
- Aspirin, brain and cancer · original on raypeat.com ↗
- Leakiness, aging, and cancer ↗ · original on raypeat.com ↗
- The dark side of stress (learned helplessness) · original on raypeat.com ↗
- Gelatin, stress, longevity · original on raypeat.com ↗
My take
Sugar does not promote inflammation. A cell that cannot make enough energy takes up water, sodium and calcium, and that is inflammation. Carbs, CO2 and thyroid hormone are anti-inflammatory. PUFA triggers the cascade.
Quick answers
What did Ray Peat say about inflammation?
That it is an incomplete repair process caused by an energy shortage, driven by polyunsaturated fats, estrogen, endotoxin and low thyroid function.
Which anti-inflammatory substances did Ray Peat mention?
Aspirin, vitamin E, niacinamide, glycine and gelatin, saturated fats, magnesium, carbon dioxide, thyroid hormone and progesterone.
155 studies Ray Peat cited on inflammation
- Regulatory effects of emodin on NF-kappaB activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in RAW 264.7 macrophagesInt J Mol Med · 2005 · PMID 15942676 · cited in Cascara, energy, cancer and the FDA's laxative abuse
- Tumor invasiveness and liver metastasis of colon cancer cells correlated with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and inhibited by a COX-2-selective inhibitor, etodolacInt J Cancer · 2001 · PMID 11275997 · cited in Fats and degeneration
- Inflammation, but not hypoxia, mediated HIF-1alpha activation depends on COX-2Cancer Biol Ther · 2009 · PMID 19390242 · cited in Cancer: Disorder and Energy
- Hypertonic saline and pentoxifylline reduces hemorrhagic shock resuscitation-induced pulmonary inflammation through attenuation of neutrophil degranulation and proinflammatory mediator synthesisJ Trauma · 2007 · PMID 17215740 · cited in Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
- Mild hypothermia promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production in monocytesJ Neurosurg Anesthesiol · 2006 · PMID 16799346 · cited in Salt, energy, metabolic rate, and longevity
- Sodium lactate increases LPS-stimulated MMP and cytokine expression in U937 histiocytes by enhancing AP-1 and NF-kappaB transcriptional activitiesAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab · 2005 · PMID 15941782 · cited in Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
- Inhibition of interleukin-1beta-induced COX-2 and EP3 gene expression by sodium salicylate enhances pancreatic islet beta-cell functionDiabetes · 2002 · PMID 12031964 · cited in Glycemia, starch, and sugar in context
- Cyclooxygenase-independent actions of cyclooxygenase inhibitorsFASEB J · 2001 · PMID 11641233 · cited in Aspirin, brain and cancer
- Correlation of estradiol, parathyroid hormone, interleukin-6, and soluble interleukin-6 receptor during the normal menstrual cycleBone · 2000 · PMID 10617160 · cited in Calcium and Disease: Hypertension, organ calcification, & shock, vs. respiratory energy
- Neuroendocrine-induced synthesis of bone marrow-derived cytokines with inflammatory immunomodulating propertiesCell Immunol · 1999 · PMID 10087184 · cited in TSH, temperature, pulse rate, and other indicators in hypothyroidism
- Lipopolysaccharide- and proinflammatory cytokine-induced energy production in intestinal and colonic epithelial cell linesScand J Gastroenterol · 1999 · PMID 10232875 · cited in Estrogen and Osteoporosis
- Induction of haem oxygenase contributes to the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in re-oxygenated rat macrophages: role of cGMPCytokine · 1999 · PMID 10328872 · cited in Estrogen and Osteoporosis
- The effect of lactic acid on mononuclear cell secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in response to group B streptococciJ Infect Dis · 1998 · PMID 9593038 · cited in Altitude and Mortality
- Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human breast cancerJ Natl Cancer Inst · 1998 · PMID 9521170 · cited in Aspirin, brain and cancer
- Monocyte cytokine production in an elderly population: effect of age and inflammationJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci · 1998 · PMID 9467429 · cited in Estrogen and Osteoporosis
- Dietary saturated fatty acids down-regulate cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor alfa and reverse fibrosis in alcohol-induced liver disease in the ratHepatology · 1997 · PMID 9397995 · cited in Rosacea, inflammation, and aging: The inefficiency of stress, Estrogen and Osteoporosis
- Effects of prostaglandins and indomethacin on the cellular inflammatory response following surgical trauma in fetal rabbitsInt J Tissue React · 1993 · PMID 8188454 · cited in Regeneration and degeneration: Types of inflammation change with aging
- Tumor necrosis factor alpha as an autocrine and paracrine growth factor for ovarian cancer: monokine induction of tumor cell proliferation and tumor necrosis factor alpha expressionCancer Res · 1993 · PMID 8385577 · cited in Altitude and Mortality
- Cytokine induction of haem oxygenase mRNA in mouse liver. Interleukin 1 transcriptionally activates the haem oxygenase geneBiochem J · 1993 · PMID 8452519 · cited in Estrogen and Osteoporosis
- Inflammatory cytokines stimulate glucose uptake and glycolysis but reduce glucose oxidation in human dermal fibroblasts in vitroCirc Shock · 1992 · PMID 1511500 · cited in Cancer: Disorder and Energy
- The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cellsN Engl J Med · 1989 · PMID 2783477 · cited in Oils in Context
- Cooxidation of steroidal and non-steroidal estrogens by purified prostaglandin synthase results in a stimulation of prostaglandin formationJ Steroid Biochem · 1987 · PMID 3112468 · cited in Cancer: Disorder and Energy
- [Control of implantation in rats and sows by peroral administration of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. 2. Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha, progesterone/estrone, and acetylsalicylic acid on implantation and various biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid in the rat]Arch Exp Veterinarmed · 1981 · PMID 7283650 · cited in Aspirin, brain and cancer
- Prostaglandin in human breast cancer: Evidence suggesting that an elevated prostaglandin production is a marker of high metastatic potential for neoplastic cellsJ Natl Cancer Inst · 1980 · PMID 6767871 · cited in Prostate Cancer
- Inflammatory, tumor initiating and promoting activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diterpene esters in mouse skin as compared with their prostaglandin releasing potency in vitroCancer Lett · 1978 · PMID 96935 · cited in Aspirin, brain and cancer
- Prostaglandin I2 as a potentiator of acute inflammation in ratsProstaglandins · 1978 · PMID 353901 · cited in Fats and degeneration
- Reduced exudation and increased tissue proliferation during chronic inflammation in rats deprived of endogenous prostaglandin precursorsProstaglandins · 1977 · PMID 897221 · cited in Food-junk and some mystery ailments: Fatigue, Alzheimer's, Colitis, Immunodeficiency
- Correlation of anti-inflammatory activity with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis activity of nonsteroidal anti-estrogens and estrogens (38532)Proc Soc Exp Biol Med · 1975 · PMID 1121479 · cited in Aspirin, brain and cancer
- Roles of cytokines and progesterone in the regulation of the nitric oxide generating system in bovine luteal endothelial cellsMol Reprod Dev · 2012 · PMID 22847916 · cited in The dark side of stress (learned helplessness)
- Interplay between membrane lipid peroxidation, transglutaminase activity, and cyclooxygenase 2 expression in the tissue adjoining to breast cancerJ Cell Physiol · 2012 · PMID 21678409 · cited in The Cancer Matrix
- Nitric oxide in neurodegeneration: potential benefits of non-steroidal anti-inflammatoriesNeurosci Bull · 2011 · PMID 22108814 · cited in The dark side of stress (learned helplessness)
- Radiation-enhancement of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion prevented by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorBr J Cancer · 2011 · PMID 21792195 · cited in Cancer: Disorder and Energy
- Emodin inhibits proinflammatory responses and inactivates histone deacetylase 1 in hypoxic rheumatoid synoviocytesBiol Pharm Bull · 2011 · PMID 21881229 · cited in Cancer: Disorder and Energy
- Dihydrotestosterone attenuates hypoxia inducible factor-1α and cyclooxygenase-2 in cerebral arteries during hypoxia or hypoxia with glucose deprivationAm J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol · 2011 · PMID 21856910 · cited in Cancer: Disorder and Energy
- Low energy laser light (632.8 nm) suppresses amyloid-β peptide-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses in astrocytesNeuroscience · 2010 · PMID 20884337 · cited in The dark side of stress (learned helplessness), Cancer: Disorder and Energy
- Effect of Ga-Al-As laser irradiation on COX-2 and cPLA2-alpha expression in compressed human periodontal ligament cellsLasers Surg Med · 2010 · PMID 20662025 · cited in Cancer: Disorder and Energy
- Long-term effects of dietary sodium intake on cytokines and neurohormonal activation in patients with recently compensated congestive heart failureJ Card Fail · 2009 · PMID 19944363 · cited in When energy fails: Edema, heart failure, hypertension, sarcopenia, etc
- Transglutaminases in inflammation and fibrosis of the gastrointestinal tract and the liverDig Liver Dis · 2009 · PMID 19195940 · cited in Milk in context: allergies, ecology, and some myths
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and serum total estradiol in postmenopausal womenCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · 2008 · PMID 18349287 · cited in Hot flashes, energy, and aging
- Dietary salt restriction increases plasma lipoprotein and inflammatory marker concentrations in hypertensive patientsAtherosclerosis · 2008 · PMID 18262533 · cited in When energy fails: Edema, heart failure, hypertension, sarcopenia, etc
Showing 40 of 155. Search all of them in the database →
Not affiliated with raypeat.com. This page describes Ray Peat's published articles in our own words and links to the originals. Educational content, not medical advice.