Ray Peat on Endotoxin
Short answer: Ray Peat called endotoxin a constant, everywhere stressor. He wrote that it is absorbed from an irritated intestine, poisons mitochondria, and raises lactate, nitric oxide, estrogen, serotonin and cortisol, and that diet can keep it down.
What Ray Peat wrote about endotoxin
He described the mechanism as a direct stimulation of cells that makes them take up water, followed by inflammation and a block in mitochondrial respiration. Source: Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
Endotoxin increases lactate and nitric oxide, and it raises estrogen. He notes that it acts together with unsaturated fats. Source: Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer, Alzheimer's: The problem of Alzheimer's disease as a clue to immortality — part 1
Intestinal irritation lets endotoxin and serotonin be absorbed, and that is one of the things that pushes cortisol up. Source: Serotonin: Effects in disease, aging and inflammation
The liver has several ways to detoxify endotoxin and serotonin, but they can fail with poor nutrition and low thyroid function. Source: Serotonin: Effects in disease, aging and inflammation
Stress alone opens the door. Prolonged stress cuts the blood flow to the intestine and damages its ability to keep large molecules out. Source: Food-junk and some mystery ailments: Fatigue, Alzheimer's, Colitis, Immunodeficiency
Exercise on an empty stomach increases its absorption. Source: Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
Antibiotics lowered estrogen and cortisol and raised progesterone in women and in rats, which he explained by less endotoxin reaching the liver. He adds that antibiotics kill the bacteria that make vitamin K, so vitamin K should be supplied. Source: Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer, Rosacea, inflammation, and aging: The inefficiency of stress
Endotoxin from the bowel can also disturb the nerves, which is why he recommends the carrot salad in his article on epilepsy. Source: Epilepsy and Progesterone
What he suggested in practice
- A daily raw carrot or the carrot salad.
- No fermentable fiber and no starch that resists digestion.
- Activated charcoal now and then.
- Good thyroid function and nutrition, so the liver can clear what gets through.
Where he wrote about it
This topic comes up in 39 of the articles on his site. These are the most relevant ones:
- Food-junk and some mystery ailments: Fatigue, Alzheimer's, Colitis, Immunodeficiency · original on raypeat.com ↗
- Thyroid, insomnia, and the insanities: Commonalities in disease · original on raypeat.com ↗
- Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer · original on raypeat.com ↗
- BSE ("mad cow"), scrapie, etc.: Stimulated amyloid degeneration and the toxic fats · original on raypeat.com ↗
- Rosacea, inflammation, and aging: The inefficiency of stress · original on raypeat.com ↗
- The dark side of stress (learned helplessness) · original on raypeat.com ↗
- Calcium and Disease: Hypertension, organ calcification, & shock, vs. respiratory energy · original on raypeat.com ↗
- Cholesterol, longevity, intelligence, and health · original on raypeat.com ↗
My take
Endotoxin is the root cause of a lot of what people call mystery symptoms. I wrote everything I know about it, the gut barrier and how to fix it in How to fix leaky gut.
Quick answers
What did Ray Peat say about endotoxin?
That it is a chronic stressor absorbed from the intestine which blocks mitochondrial respiration and raises lactate, nitric oxide, estrogen, serotonin and cortisol.
How did Ray Peat suggest lowering endotoxin?
With a daily raw carrot or carrot salad, by avoiding fermentable fiber and resistant starch, with occasional activated charcoal, and by supporting the liver through thyroid function and nutrition.
66 studies Ray Peat cited on endotoxin
- Hypercapnic acidosis minimizes endotoxin-induced gut mucosal injury in rabbitsIntensive Care Med · 2009 · PMID 18626629 · cited in Regeneration and degeneration: Types of inflammation change with aging
- Intestinal edema decreases intestinal contractile activity via decreased myosin light chain phosphorylationCrit Care Med · 2006 · PMID 16915113 · cited in Cascara, energy, cancer and the FDA's laxative abuse
- The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide causes rapid inappropriate excitation in rat cortexJ Neurochem · 1999 · PMID 9930737 · cited in Rosacea, inflammation, and aging: The inefficiency of stress
- Estriol sensitizes rat Kupffer cells via gut-derived endotoxinAm J Physiol · 1999 · PMID 10484393 · cited in Estrogen and Osteoporosis
- Lipopolysaccharide- and proinflammatory cytokine-induced energy production in intestinal and colonic epithelial cell linesScand J Gastroenterol · 1999 · PMID 10232875 · cited in Estrogen and Osteoporosis
- The importance of the gastrointestinal tract in the control of bone mass accrualGastroenterology · 2011 · PMID 21699800 · cited in Osteoporosis, aging, tissue renewal, and product science
- Transglutaminases in inflammation and fibrosis of the gastrointestinal tract and the liverDig Liver Dis · 2009 · PMID 19195940 · cited in Milk in context: allergies, ecology, and some myths
- Luminal fructose inhibits rat intestinal sodium-phosphate cotransporter gene expression and phosphate uptakeAm J Clin Nutr · 2008 · PMID 18400728 · cited in Phosphate, activation, and aging
- Acute allergic skin reactions and intestinal contractility changes in mice orally sensitized against casein or wheyInt Arch Allergy Immunol · 2008 · PMID 18520157 · cited in Cascara, energy, cancer and the FDA's laxative abuse
- The effect of ageing with and without non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal microbiology and immunologyBr J Nutr · 2008 · PMID 18279548 · cited in Cascara, energy, cancer and the FDA's laxative abuse
- Hypertonic saline and pentoxifylline attenuates gut injury after hemorrhagic shock: the kinder, gentler resuscitationJ Trauma · 2007 · PMID 17426535 · cited in Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
- Association between hypothyroidism and small intestinal bacterial overgrowthJ Clin Endocrinol Metab · 2007 · PMID 17698907 · cited in Milk in context: allergies, ecology, and some myths
- Effect of CO2 on LPS-induced cytokine responses in rat alveolar macrophagesAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · 2005 · PMID 15778246 · cited in Regeneration and degeneration: Types of inflammation change with aging
- Sodium lactate increases LPS-stimulated MMP and cytokine expression in U937 histiocytes by enhancing AP-1 and NF-kappaB transcriptional activitiesAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab · 2005 · PMID 15941782 · cited in Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
- Anxiety and aggression associated with the fermentation of carbohydrates in the hindgut of ratsPhysiol Behav · 2004 · PMID 15276799 · cited in Serotonin: Effects in disease, aging and inflammation
- Remission of rosacea induced by reduction of gut transit timeClin Exp Dermatol · 2004 · PMID 15115515 · cited in Rosacea, inflammation, and aging: The inefficiency of stress
- Reduced low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol causing low serum cholesterol levels in gastrointestinal cancer: a case control studyJ Exp Clin Cancer Res · 2004 · PMID 15354407 · cited in Cholesterol, longevity, intelligence, and health
- Hypercapnic acidosis attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injuryAm J Respir Crit Care Med · 2004 · PMID 12958048 · cited in Preventing and treating cancer with progesterone
- Regulation of intestinal NaPi-IIb cotransporter gene expression by estrogenAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol · 2003 · PMID 12893629 · cited in Phosphate, activation, and aging
- Beneficial effects of n-9 eicosatrienoic acid on experimental bowel lesionsSurg Today · 2003 · PMID 12884098 · cited in Unsaturated fatty acids: Nutritionally essential, or toxic?
- Protection by aspirin of indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage in rats: mediation by salicylic acidJ Physiol Paris · 2001 · PMID 11595418 · cited in Aspirin, brain and cancer
- Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on tight junction permeability in intestinal monolayer cellsClin Nutr · 2001 · PMID 11478834 · cited in Bleeding, clotting, cancer
- Dietary glycine blunts lung inflammatory cell influx following acute endotoxinAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol · 2000 · PMID 10926563 · cited in Tryptophan, serotonin, and aging
- Diet-induced protection against lipopolysaccharide includes increased hepatic NO productionJ Surg Res · 1999 · PMID 10090849 · cited in Cancer: Disorder and Energy
- Promotion of intestinal carcinogenesis by dietary methionineCarcinogenesis · 1999 · PMID 10190567 · cited in Meat physiology, stress, and degenerative physiology
- Nicotinamide inhibits sodium-dependent phosphate cotransport activity in rat small intestineNephrol Dial Transplant · 1999 · PMID 10344361 · cited in Phosphate, activation, and aging
- Lipopolysaccharide regulates both serotonin- and thrombin-induced intracellular calcium mobilization in rat C6 glioma cells: possible involvement of nitric oxide synthase-mediated pathwayJ Neurosci Res · 1998 · PMID 9514205 · cited in Thyroid, insomnia, and the insanities: Commonalities in disease
- Acetazolamide treatment prevents in vitro endotoxin-stimulated tumor necrosis factor release in mouse macrophagesShock · 1998 · PMID 9872684 · cited in Estrogen and Osteoporosis
- Lower serum oestrogen concentrations associated with faster intestinal transitBr J Cancer · 1997 · PMID 9252210 · cited in Natural Estrogens
- Parathyroid hormone-related protein is induced during lethal endotoxemia and contributes to endotoxin-induced mortality in rodentsMol Med · 1996 · PMID 8726463 · cited in Calcium and Disease: Hypertension, organ calcification, & shock, vs. respiratory energy
- Biphasic, organ-specific, and strain-specific accumulation of platelets induced in mice by a lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and its possible involvement in shockInfect Immun · 1996 · PMID 8945579 · cited in Thyroid, insomnia, and the insanities: Commonalities in disease
- Excitotoxicity in the lung: N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced, nitric oxide-dependent, pulmonary edema is attenuated by vasoactive intestinal peptide and by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymeraseProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 1996 · PMID 8643465 · cited in Altitude and Mortality
- Lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality and cytokine production in aged miceInfect Immun · 1996 · PMID 8641780 · cited in Estrogen and Osteoporosis
- Induction of diaphragmatic nitric oxide synthase after endotoxin administration in rats: role on diaphragmatic contractile dysfunctionJ Clin Invest · 1996 · PMID 8833903 · cited in Progesterone, not estrogen, is the coronary protection factor of women
- [Biological markers of precancer of the large intestine]Arkh Patol · 1995 · PMID 8526767 · cited in Meat physiology, stress, and degenerative physiology
- Acetic acid-induced colitis in normal and essential fatty acid deficient ratsJ Pharmacol Exp Ther · 1995 · PMID 7815363 · cited in Suitable Fats, Unsuitable Fats: Issues in Nutrition
- Endotoxin inhibits glucuronidation in the liver. An effect mediated by intercellular communicationBiochem Pharmacol · 1995 · PMID 7840784 · cited in Lactate vs. CO2 in wounds, sickness, and aging; the other approach to cancer
- Endotoxin administration stimulates cerebral catecholamine release in freely moving rats as assessed by microdialysisJ Neurosci Res · 1995 · PMID 7745636 · cited in Thyroid, insomnia, and the insanities: Commonalities in disease
- [Effects of dietary fat on permeability of the protective intestinal barrier to macromolecules in experimental anaphylaxis]Vopr Pitan · 1995 · PMID 7653080 · cited in Bleeding, clotting, cancer
- Reversible ischemic colitis in young women. Association with oral contraceptive useAm J Surg Pathol · 1995 · PMID 7694947 · cited in Progesterone, not estrogen, is the coronary protection factor of women
Showing 40 of 66. Search all of them in the database →
Not affiliated with raypeat.com. This page describes Ray Peat's published articles in our own words and links to the originals. Educational content, not medical advice.