Ray Peat: Heart and hormones

Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

1. Chronic estrogen alters contractile responsiveness to angiotensin II and norepinephrine in female rat aortaEur J Pharmacol · 1992 · PMID 1396984
2. Frequency-dependent acceleration of cardiac repolarization by progesterone underlying its cardiac protection against drug-induced proarrhythmic effects in female rabbitsEur J Pharmacol · 2012 · PMID 22705061
3. Influence of estradiol and progesterone on the sensitivity of rat thoracic aorta to noradrenalineLife Sci · 2001 · PMID 11213358
4. Estradiol promotes sudden cardiac death in transgenic long QT type 2 rabbits while progesterone is protectiveHeart Rhythm · 2012 · PMID 22245795
5. Testosterone-augmented contractile responses to alpha1- and beta1-adrenoceptor stimulation are associated with increased activities of RyR, SERCA, and NCX in the heartAm J Physiol Cell Physiol · 2009 · PMID 19336623
6. Aromatase deficiency confers paradoxical postischemic cardioprotectionEndocrinology · 2011 · PMID 22028441

Thyroid

1. Novel actions of thyroid hormone: the role of triiodothyronine in cardiac transplantationThyroid · 1996 · PMID 8936684 · cited in Thyroid: Therapies, Confusion, and Fraud

Glucose oxidation, sucrose, insulin, and diastolic failure

1. Primary diastolic heart failureAm J Geriatr Cardiol · 2002 · PMID 11986532
2. Water and electrolyte content of cardiac and skeletal muscle in heart failure and myocardial infarctionAm Heart J · 1952 · PMID 14894423
3. Relation between glycolysis and calcium homeostasis in postischemic myocardiumCirc Res · 1992 · PMID 1576739
4. Glucose plus insulin regulate fat oxidation by controlling the rate of fatty acid entry into the mitochondriaJ Clin Invest · 1996 · PMID 8941640
5. Biphasic changes in heart performance with food restriction in ratsJ Appl Physiol (1985) · 1999 · PMID 10562636
6. Diabetes-like action of intermittent fasting on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-pump ATPase and myosin isoenzymes can be prevented by sucroseBiochem Biophys Res Commun · 1989 · PMID 2529855
7. Sucrose feeding prevents changes in myosin isoenzymes and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-pump ATPase in pressure-loaded rat heartBiochem Biophys Res Commun · 1988 · PMID 2973316
8. Modification of myosin isozymes and SR Ca(2+)-pump ATPase of the diabetic rat heart by lipid-lowering interventionsMol Cell Biochem · 1994 · PMID 8078510
9. Agonist-induced hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction are associated with selective reduction in glucose oxidation: a metabolic contribution to heart failure with normal ejection fractionCirc Heart Fail · 2012 · PMID 22705769
10. Pressure-overload-induced heart failure induces a selective reduction in glucose oxidation at physiological afterloadCardiovasc Res · 2013 · PMID 23257023
11. A non-invasive selective assessment of type I fibre mitochondrial function using 31P NMR spectroscopy. Evidence for impaired oxidative phosphorylation rate in skeletal muscle in patients with chronic heart failureEur Heart J · 1998 · PMID 9503185

PUFA, omega-3, calcium, and rhythm

1. Effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on the contraction of neonatal rat cardiac myocytesProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 1994 · PMID 7937911
2. The electrical and mechanical response of adult guinea pig and rat ventricular myocytes to omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsEur J Pharmacol · 1998 · PMID 9774258
3. Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiological effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol · 2005 · PMID 15900514 · cited in Fats, functions & malfunctions, Suitable Fats, Unsuitable Fats: Issues in Nutrition
4. Increasing DHA and EPA concentrations prolong action potential durations and reduce transient outward potassium currents in rat ventricular myocytesLipids · 2011 · PMID 21140236
5. Inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum function by polyunsaturated fatty acids in intact, isolated myocytes from rat ventricular muscleJ Physiol · 2000 · PMID 10699081
6. Concomitant accumulation of intracellular free calcium and arachidonic acid in the ischemic-reperfused rat heartMol Cell Biochem · 2001 · PMID 11768232
7. QT prolongation, Torsade de Pointes, myocardial ischemia from coronary vasospasm, and headache medications. Part 2: review of headache medications, drug-drug interactions, QTc prolongation, and other arrhythmiasHeadache · 2013 · PMID 23216298
8. The Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): pathophysiology, diagnosis & managementIndian Pacing Electrophysiol J · 2006 · PMID 16943900

Statins, fibrates, and mitochondrial / muscle injury

1. Fenofibrate impairs rat mitochondrial function by inhibition of respiratory complex IJ Pharmacol Exp Ther · 2004 · PMID 15166256
2. Fenofibrate monotherapy induced rhabdomyolysisDiabetes Care · 2003 · PMID 12882895
3. Life-threatening rhabdomyolysis following the interaction of two commonly prescribed medicationsAustralas Med J · 2013 · PMID 23589735
4. Rhabdomyolysis associated with fibrate therapy: review of 76 published cases and a new case reportEur J Clin Pharmacol · 2009 · PMID 19756555
5. Effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on mitochondrial respiration in ischaemic dog heartsBr J Pharmacol · 1995 · PMID 8528576
6. Influence of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on mitochondrial respiration in rat liver during ischemiaEur J Pharmacol · 1994 · PMID 7805787
7. Myopathy induced by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in rabbits: a pathological, electrophysiological, and biochemical studyToxicol Appl Pharmacol · 1998 · PMID 9772205
8. Low-density lipoprotein in the setting of congestive heart failure: is lower really better?Curr Atheroscler Rep · 2009 · PMID 19664377

Varicose veins, nitric oxide, and venous estrogen

1. Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and arginase in normal human skin and chronic venous leg ulcersJ Pathol · 2000 · PMID 10918219
2. Oestradiol levels in varicose vein blood of patients with and without pelvic vein incompetence (PVI): diagnostic implicationsEur J Vasc Endovasc Surg · 2010 · PMID 20202867
3. High endogenous estradiol is associated with increased venous distensibility and clinical evidence of varicose veins in menopausal womenJ Vasc Surg · 2000 · PMID 10957662
4. Elevated serum estradiol/testosterone ratio in men with primary varicose veins compared with a healthy control groupAngiology · 2009 · PMID 18854341
5. Estrogen receptor-mediated enhancement of venous relaxation in female rat: implications in sex-related differences in varicose veinsJ Vasc Surg · 2010 · PMID 20347696
6. Imbalance between the endothelial cell-derived contracting factors prostacyclin and angiotensin II and nitric oxide/cyclic GMP in human primary varicosisBr J Pharmacol · 1997 · PMID 9375976

Digitalis, glycosides, warfarin

1. [New steroid hormone family: endogenous cardiac glycosides and their role in physiologic and pathologic conditions]Orv Hetil · 2004 · PMID 15038319
2. [Effect of digoxin, strophanthin and isolanid on oxygen absorption, oxidative phosphorylation and the amount of cytochromes in the myocardial mitochondria and their ATPase activity]Farmakol Toksikol · 1982 · PMID 6459955
3. The occurrence of warfarin-related nephropathy and effects on renal and patient outcomes in korean patientsPLoS One · 2013 · PMID 23560034
4. Risk-benefit profile of warfarin versus aspirin in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm: a meta-analysisCirc Heart Fail · 2013 · PMID 23264446
5. Cardiac myoglobin in myoglobinuriaCan Med Assoc J · 1966 · PMID 5901156