Ray Peat

Ray Peat on Vitamin E

By OxidativeState · · 45 articles · 31 studies

Short answer: Ray Peat described vitamin E as an estrogen antagonist, an energy promoter and an anti-inflammatory. He wrote that its real job is to protect against the damage done by polyunsaturated fats, estrogen and iron.

What Ray Peat wrote about vitamin e

He told the history. Vitamin E was discovered in rats made infertile by a diet of rancid lard and cod liver oil, both loaded with polyunsaturated fat. Source: Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory

Early researchers called it the progesterone-sparing agent, because so many of its antiestrogenic effects resemble progesterone's. Source: Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory

Estrogen raises calcium inside the cell and activates protein kinase C. Vitamin E generally does the opposite. Source: Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory

The Shute brothers began in the 1930s by using vitamin E against estrogen's clot-promoting effect, and that led them to its use in heart disease. He wrote that medicine spent decades fighting it. Source: Multiple Sclerosis and other hormone related brain syndromes, Cholesterol, longevity, intelligence, and health

He saw its large effective doses as a measure of our exposure to unsaturated fats. Vitamin E, aspirin and niacinamide are, in his words, therapeutic in unnaturally large amounts for that reason. Source: Regeneration and degeneration: Types of inflammation change with aging

Its protection against polyunsaturated fat is only partial, so he never treated it as a license to eat seed oils. Source: The Great Fish Oil Experiment

Iron destroys vitamin E, so the need for it rises with iron intake and with age. Deficiency speeds up the formation of age pigment. Source: Iron's Dangers, Fats, functions & malfunctions

What he suggested in practice

  • About 100 units a day is the amount he mentions for covering an occasional restaurant meal and for iron.
  • Not at the same time as iron-rich food.
  • He used natural vitamin E, and used it as the solvent for progesterone.
  • First of all, cut the polyunsaturated fat that creates the need.

Where he wrote about it

This topic comes up in 45 of the articles on his site. These are the most relevant ones:

My take

Vitamin E is the supplement I would keep if I could keep only one. I take a full-spectrum product with all four tocopherols and no seed oil in it. This is the one I use:

E-Complete Oral Supplementskin.foodView product

Quick answers

What did Ray Peat say about vitamin E?

That it is an estrogen antagonist and anti-inflammatory whose main role is to protect against polyunsaturated fats, estrogen and iron.

How much vitamin E did Ray Peat mention?

About 100 units a day in his articles on iron and on unsaturated oils.

Why did Ray Peat link vitamin E and progesterone?

Early researchers called vitamin E the progesterone-sparing agent because its effects against estrogen resemble those of progesterone, and he dissolved progesterone in vitamin E for better absorption.

31 studies Ray Peat cited on vitamin e

  1. gamma-tocopherol and its major metabolite, in contrast to alpha-tocopherol, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in macrophages and epithelial cellsProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2000 · PMID 11005841 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  2. Effects of alpha-tocopherol and tocotrienols on blood pressure and linoleic acid metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)Biosci Biotechnol Biochem · 1992 · PMID 1368948 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  3. Kinetics of tissue alpha-tocopherol uptake and depletion following administration of high levels of vitamin EAnn N Y Acad Sci · 1982 · PMID 6959568 · cited in Progesterone Deceptions
  4. Occurrence of alpha-tocopherolquinone and alpha-tocopherolquinol in microorganismsJ Bacteriol · 1982 · PMID 6809730 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  5. The effectiveness of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in reducing the incidence of spherical contracture around breast implantsPlast Reconstr Surg · 1981 · PMID 7291341 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  6. Suppression of murine cerebral F2-isoprostanes and F4-neuroprostanes from excitotoxicity and innate immune response in vivo by alpha- or gamma-tocopherolJ Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci · 2005 · PMID 16260380 · cited in Fats, functions & malfunctions
  7. Vitamin E and the prevention of atherosclerosisInt J Vitam Nutr Res · 2001 · PMID 11276917 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  8. Low arachidonic acid rather than alpha-tocopherol is responsible for the delayed postnatal development in offspring of rats fed fish oil instead of olive oil during pregnancy and lactationJ Nutr · 2000 · PMID 11053532 · cited in Unsaturated fatty acids: Nutritionally essential, or toxic?
  9. Synergistic inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by vitamin E and aspirinFree Radic Biol Med · 2000 · PMID 11121721 · cited in Aspirin, brain and cancer
  10. Effects of topical and oral vitamin E on pigmentation and skin cancer induced by ultraviolet irradiation in Skh:2 hairless miceNutr Cancer · 2000 · PMID 11341050 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  11. Age-dependent increase of collagenase expression can be reduced by alpha-tocopherol via protein kinase C inhibitionFree Radic Biol Med · 1999 · PMID 10515576 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  12. Neonatal vitamin E treatment induces long term glucocorticoid receptor changes: an unusual hormonal imprinting effectLife Sci · 1998 · PMID 9718076 · cited in Estrogen, memory and heredity: Imprinting and the stress response
  13. Medium chain triglycerides and vitamin E reduce the severity of established experimental alcoholic liver diseaseJ Pharmacol Exp Ther · 1996 · PMID 8667240 · cited in Fats and degeneration
  14. Anticataract action of vitamin E: its estimation using an in vitro steroid cataract modelOphthalmic Res · 1996 · PMID 8883085 · cited in The transparency of life: Cataracts as a model of age-related disease
  15. Vitamin E and fatty acid intervention does not attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbitsArterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol · 1995 · PMID 7749837 · cited in Unsaturated Vegetable Oils: Toxic
  16. Serum antioxidants and myocardial infarction. Are low levels of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction?Circulation · 1994 · PMID 8087925 · cited in Unsaturated Vegetable Oils: Toxic
  17. Vitamin E and the hypercoagulability of neonatal bloodClin Chim Acta · 1994 · PMID 8088011 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  18. Vitamin E protects hypothalamic beta-endorphin neurons from estradiol neurotoxicityEndocrinology · 1992 · PMID 1425446 · cited in Hot flashes, energy, and aging, Tissue-bound estrogen in aging
  19. Acute phase response in exercise. II. Associations between vitamin E, cytokines, and muscle proteolysisAm J Physiol · 1991 · PMID 1905495 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  20. Inhibition of PGE2 production in macrophages from vitamin E-treated ratsProstaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids · 1991 · PMID 1745656 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  21. [The effect of tocopherol and nicotinic acid on the microcirculation and blood coagulability in patients with ischemic heart disease]Vrach Delo · 1990 · PMID 2089804 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  22. The influence of vitamin E on rheological parameters in high altitude mountaineersInt J Vitam Nutr Res · 1990 · PMID 2387667 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  23. The effects of vitamin E deficiency on rat skinBr J Dermatol · 1989 · PMID 2757955 · cited in The Cancer Matrix
  24. Effects of tocopherol depletion on the regional differences in adrenal microsomal lipid peroxidation and steroid metabolismEndocrinology · 1988 · PMID 3135177 · cited in When energy fails: Edema, heart failure, hypertension, sarcopenia, etc
  25. Vitamin E and immune functionsBasic Life Sci · 1988 · PMID 3074789 · cited in Immunodeficiency, dioxins, stress, and the hormones
  26. Lipid peroxides in brain during aging and vitamin E deficiency: possible relations to changes in neurotransmitter indicesNeurobiol Aging · 1982 · PMID 6131387 · cited in Unsaturated fatty acids: Nutritionally essential, or toxic?
  27. [Effect of vitamin E on the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (author's transl)]Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 1981 · PMID 7239794 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  28. Inhibition of human platelet cyclooxygenase by alpha-tocopherolProstaglandins Med · 1980 · PMID 6771778 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  29. Identification of deoxy-alpha-tocopherolquinol as another endogenous electron donor for biohydrogenationJ Biol Chem · 1980 · PMID 7440571 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  30. Identification of an endogenous electron donor for biohydrogenation as alpha-tocopherolquinolJ Biol Chem · 1980 · PMID 7372585 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory
  31. Anomalous vitamin E effects in mitochondrial oxidative metabolismMech Ageing Dev · 1978 · PMID 215851 · cited in Vitamin E: Estrogen antagonist, energy promoter, and anti-inflammatory

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Not affiliated with raypeat.com. This page describes Ray Peat's published articles in our own words and links to the originals. Educational content, not medical advice.

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